علامہ اقبال: مکمل سوانح عمری، تصانیف اور کتابوں کی تاریخوں کے ساتھ
Allama Iqbal (علامہ اقبال), widely known as the "Spiritual Father of Pakistan," was a poet, philosopher, and politician whose work inspired the Pakistan Movement. Here is his complete biography and a comprehensive list of his literary works, with all dates cross-referenced to ensure accuracy.
🏛️ Biography of Allama Iqbal
Early Life and Family
Birth: Muhammad Iqbal was born on November 9, 1877, in Sialkot, Punjab, British India (now in Pakistan).
Family Background: He belonged to a Kashmiri family that had converted to Islam. His father, Sheikh Noor Muhammad, was a tailor, and his mother, Imam Bibi, was a kind and humble woman who greatly influenced him.
Early Education: He began his education by learning the Qur'an at a local mosque. He was later taught Arabic and Persian by Syed Mir Hassan, a renowned scholar. He matriculated in 1893 and stood first in his class.
Higher Education and Career
Government College, Lahore: Iqbal enrolled in 1895, earning a Bachelor of Arts in 1897 (with a medal in Arabic) and a Master of Arts in 1899, where he secured first place in Philosophy at the University of the Punjab. He began his career as a teacher of Arabic at the Oriental College, Lahore.
Study in Europe: He traveled to England in 1905 to study law at Lincoln's Inn and also attended the University of Cambridge. In 1907, he went to Germany to earn his doctorate from the University of Munich, with his thesis "The Development of Metaphysics in Persia".
Legal Career: Upon returning to India, he practiced law and appeared before the Lahore High Court in many civil and criminal cases, with over 100 reported judgments to his name.
Political Activism and Philosophy
Allahabad Address (1930): As president of the All-India Muslim League, Iqbal delivered a historic speech outlining the vision for a separate Muslim state in northwestern India, which later became the foundation for the Pakistan Movement.
Final Years: After suffering from a throat illness for years, Iqbal passed away on April 21, 1938, in Lahore. He was buried at the entrance of the Badshahi Mosque, where his mausoleum, the Mazar-e-Iqbal, now stands.
📚 Complete List of Books by Allama Iqbal
Allama Iqbal wrote extensively in Persian and Urdu, as well as several notable works in English.
Poetic Works (Persian)
Poetic Works (Urdu)
| # | Book Title | Year of Publication |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Bang-i-Dara (بانگِ درا) (The Call of the Marching Bell) | 1924 |
| 2 | Bal-i-Jibril (بالِ جبریل) (The Wings of Gabriel) | 1935 |
| 3 | Zarb-i-Kalim (ضربِ کلیم) (The Rod of Moses) | 1936 |

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